Urology treatments focus on the urinary tracts of males and females, and the reproductive tracts of males. This includes the two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the urethra. The urinary tract and reproductive tracts are close together, and disorders of one often affect the other.

Treatment for kidney stones is a common urological practice and advanced methods for treating them without surgery (such as lithotripsy) are available in many overseas clinics along with complementary methods of treating stones endoscopically.

While kidney problems also afflict women, there are urological, urogynecological, and related pelvic disorders unique to women. Due to this there are overlaps in the techniques of urology and gynecology.

Urological treatments are especially common for men. Healthcare providers encourage older men to have regular checkups for early detection of men’s diseases before they become potentially serious. Detection before symptoms set in greatly improves the chances of treatment.

It is sometimes necessary for men to have their prostate gland removed in a procedure known as a prostatectomy. Reasons for its removal include the presence of a tumor or inflammation of the gland itself. The latter can lead to difficulty urinating. Modern prostate removal procedures are minimally invasive and incorporate cutting-edge technology like high-powered lasers and robotic instruments.

A man who no longer wishes to reproduce may consider having a vasectomy. In this procedure, the vas deferentia are cut so that sperm can longer pass through the penis. The surgical procedure is minimally invasive, making it a more desirable alternative to its female counterpart, tubal ligation. Vasectomy reversals are also common, though they are not always effective.

There are several minor operations administered to improve or correct male reproductive health. These include circumcision, frenuloplasty and hydrocolectomy. Minor bruising, inflammation and short-lived pain are the primary symptoms following these operations. Barring complications and special circumstances, recovery time is usually minimal.