Also known as total knee arthroplasty, knee replacement surgery is used to restore the function of diseased knee joints and relieve the pain associated with them. Knee problems resulting from osteoarthritis and degenerative conditions such as avascular necrosis are common sources of knee pain which this surgery can resolve.

During the operation, the surgeon removes the damaged bone and cartilage from the affected area and replaces it with an artificial joint constructed from high-tech metal alloys and polymers. The surgery causes scarring and in rare situations, infection. After having a knee replacement, patients will be unable to participate in activities such as jogging and high-impact sports.

Procedure information
During the knee replacement operation, the surgeon places the knee in a bent position where all of the joint surfaces are completely exposed. An incision less than 12 inches is made, allowing the surgeon to push aside the muscles, kneecap and surrounding tissues so that he can remove the damaged joint surface. After taking measurements of the knee for prosthesis, the rough edges of the surrounding bones are smoothed in preparation for the new knee. The prosthesis is then inserted and the knee rotated and bent to assure it is balanced and functioning properly.

Recovery time
The day following surgery, a physical therapist will begin rehabilitation using a device called a continuous passive motion machine, which moves your knee for you while you lay in bed. After a few days, most patients can return home and begin their recovery program which will last several weeks. Care of the wound, exercise and diet are all important components to a speedy recovery.

Physical activity is especially important, beginning with a gradual walking program, followed by the resumption of normal household activities such as climbing stairs after 3 to 4 weeks. Patients should be able to drive a car 4 to 6 weeks after the procedure. Performing knee-strengthening exercises several times each day is essential to making a full recovery. More than 95 percent of patients who undergo a knee replacement experience improved mobility and decreased pain.